

To understand Aristotle’s interest in happiness, you need to understand this distinction.
Some things we aim for and value, not for themselves but for what they bring about in addition to themselves. If I value something as a means to something else, then it has what we will cal “extrinsic value”. Other things we desire and hold to be valuable for themselves alone.
If we value something not as a means to something else, but for its own sake, let us say that it has “intrinsic value”.
So how does all this relate to human happiness? Well Aristotle asks: is there something that all human beings value and value only intrinsically, for its own sake and only for its own sake? If you could find such a thing, that would be the universal final good, or truly the ultimate purpose of goal for all human beings. Aristotle thought the answer was yes. What is it? Happiness. Everyone will agree, he argues, that happiness is the ultimate end to be valued for itself and really only for itself. For what other purpose is there in being happy? What does it yield? The attainment of happiness becomes the ultimate of highest good for Aristotle.
The next question the Aristotle raises is: what is happiness? We all want it, we all desire it, we all seek it. It’s the goal we have in life. But what is it? How do we find it? Here he notes, with some frustration, people disagree.
But he does give us a couple of criteria, or features, to keep in mind as we look for what true human happiness is. True human happiness should be, as he puts it, complete. Complete in that it’s all we require. Well, true human happiness, if you had that, what else do you need? Nothing.
"Well, true human happiness, if you had that, what else do you need? Nothing."
-Aristotle-
And, second, true happiness should be something that can obtain on my own. I shouldn’t have to rely on other people for it. Many people value fame and seek fame. Fame for them becomes the goal. But according to Aristotle, this won’t work either, because fame depends altogether too much on other people. I can’t get it on my own, without help from other people.
In the end Aristotle says that try happiness is the exercise of reason-a life of intellectual contemplation of thinking.
"And, second, true happiness should be something that can obtain on my own. I shouldn’t have to rely on other people for it."
-Aristotle-



